{"id":146,"date":"2025-09-23T23:43:49","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T23:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sonca.fr\/?p=146"},"modified":"2025-10-09T20:24:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T20:24:41","slug":"jean-philippe-toussaint-nhin-bang-con-mat-duong-dai-de-van-chuong-khong-ngung-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sonca.fr\/index.php\/2025\/09\/23\/jean-philippe-toussaint-nhin-bang-con-mat-duong-dai-de-van-chuong-khong-ngung-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"Jean-Philippe Toussaint: Nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1979, tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn xe bus t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng R\u00e9publique t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Bastille, Paris, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, anh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb r\u00f5 c\u00e2u v\u0103n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y: “T\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua.”<\/em> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Jean-Philippe Toussaint v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi C\u1edd vua.<\/em>

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Toussaint c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Trong cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/em>, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m phim n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, chuy\u1ec3n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Truffaut, Toussaint \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/em> c\u1ee7a Dosto\u00efevski. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Dosto\u00efevski \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn xe bus m\u00f9a thu Paris, Toussaint b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. (1) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft C\u1edd vua<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Toussaint vi\u1ebft \u0111i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i trong 5 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi 9 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sang th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1eeb th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i sang th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tuy kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Toussaint, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>, ra m\u1eaft n\u0103m 1985 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap Toussaint \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim nh\u01b0ng Toussaint v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. \u00d4ng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i France Culture r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng y\u00eau v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toussaint v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cho ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Samuel Beckett t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1951. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1953, khi v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Trong khi ch\u1edd Godot <\/em>c\u1ee7a Beckett xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ti\u1ebfng vang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac Alain Robbe-Grillet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1edfi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh,<\/em> cho ra m\u1eaft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y. <\/em>Robbe-Grillet l\u00e0m n\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. (2) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit, Jean-Philippe Toussaint kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Beckett l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Robbe-Grillet. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, Toussaint \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Beckett (3). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Robbe-Grillet, Toussaint cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho phong tr\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Theo Toussaint, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Robbe-Grillet tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y giao c\u1ea3m gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. (4) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Toussaint l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, khi m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e9p k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u1edd vua<\/em> v\u00e0 La Cl\u00e9 USB <\/em>c\u1ee7a Toussaint l\u00e0 hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nhau 40 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Toussaint l\u00fang t\u00fang g\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1eef c\u0169, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, khi \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i smartphone v\u00ec \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1edd vua <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1edd v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 “<\/em>un huis clos“<\/em> c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Jean-Paul Sartre, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1edd vua<\/em> l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> c\u1ee7a Toussaint.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Pythagore:“Trong m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c vu\u00f4ng, b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hai c\u1ea1nh g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng.” <\/em>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: Paris, C\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n, Paris t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ebb \u1edf Paris m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng trong bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm, r\u1eddi Paris \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf Venise, quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm. N\u1ebfu v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c vu\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n<\/em> \u1edf ph\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cheo leo h\u01a1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a hai c\u1ea1nh g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, Toussaint vi\u1ebft: “[…] t\u00f4i tr\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Edmondsson l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh cho l\u1eafm khi, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1eafp sang hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng co m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3n. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u, […] li\u1ec1u x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0. T\u00f4i b\u1ecf l\u1eedng c\u00e2u.” <\/em>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ecf l\u1eedng.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n Suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Pascal v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Pascal trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, Toussaint chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0: “M\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng.”<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i quen thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Toussaint sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>, xen gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng k\u1ec3 trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7m ph\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u suy ng\u1eabm nh\u01b0: \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm m\u01b0a, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111i Venise c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n khi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng hay nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u1edd vua \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“T\u00f4i th\u00edch tranh Mondrian \u1edf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u00e0o ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1eafng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1eafng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, nh\u00ecn chung, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u1edd vua, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c tranh, uy l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f2n \u1edf Mondrian, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Edmondsson th\u1ea5y Mondrian ch\u00e1n \u00f2m l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng tr\u1ea5n an.”<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, Toussaint nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m C\u1edd vua<\/em>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1edd vua<\/em> th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1eddng trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kabrowinskig\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Koronskis t\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft C\u1edd vua<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u00eda sau qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9. Khi Koronskis t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1eafng trong v\u00e1n c\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp thua, anh th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a uy l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.” (5) <\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd, m\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n c\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n c\u1edd tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Koronskis, gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng trong v\u00e1n c\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp thua. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch b\u00ean tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro khi ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean: “T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0.” <\/em>Toussaint \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1eedng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o v\u1ebf sau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m khi l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1eefa trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u00ean Eigenschaften m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh b\u1ecba ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n \u00c1o. Eigenschaften trong ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “<\/em>ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t“<\/em> n\u1eb1m trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Robert Musil. <\/strong>Ulrich trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Musil \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh. (6) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toussaint trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u0103m 2005 chia s\u1ebb, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ecf l\u1eedng tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “<\/em>T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m sau \u0111\u00f3.” (7)<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Toussaint<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a Toussaint, n\u01a1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Beckett v\u1eabn c\u00f2n in \u0111\u1eadm trong phong c\u00e1ch, n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u tay Molloy<\/em> t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit n\u0103m 1951 c\u1ee7a Beckett. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Molloy<\/em>, Beckett s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: “N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam. M\u01b0a qu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u1eeda k\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam.Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0a.” <\/em>Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng hay \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, thu m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn hay \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> c\u1ee7a Toussaint.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Edmondsson h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. Hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi xa nhau. C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb cho nhau khi\u1ebfn ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Kino c\u1ee7a Haruki Murakami, n\u01a1i Murakami x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Kino v\u00e0 Kamita l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Kamita l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n Kino mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em>, “t\u00f4i” v\u00e0 Edmondsson l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u trong v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng soi r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. Theo thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a Jean-Paul Sartre, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d, \u201ctha nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i\u201d<\/em>, do \u0111\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn\u201d.<\/em> C\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c anh ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, anh ta nh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 anh ta b\u1ecb\/\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn b\u1edfi tha nh\u00e2n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Edmondsson l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh m\u1eaft t\u1edbi, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00f2n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, th\u00ec \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00ecn m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i b\u1ecb Edmondsson nh\u00ecn, Toussaint c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ra cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, d\u00f9 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i hay h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 danh t\u00ednh, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng Toussaint \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Robbe-Grillet, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0, nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, d\u00f9 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111en v\u00f4 t\u1eadn d\u00e2ng l\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t x\u00fac c\u1ea3m bu\u1ed3n kh\u00f3 phai. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Toussaint v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y tinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00fac c\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, Toussaint r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn. Toussaint lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, Toussaint mang t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1edbi n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Trong tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre n\u0103m 2012, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p, nh\u1eefng video ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc. (8)  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toussaint \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Robbe-Grillet, khi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y, B\u1ee9c m\u00e0nh<\/em>, th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Toussaint l\u00e0 Ti vi, M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, USB<\/em>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La Cl\u00e9 USB<\/em> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2019 c\u1ee7a Toussaint khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 big data, bitcoin, blockchain. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi cho Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Toussaint chia s\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. (9) 

S\u01a1n Ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n: <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft<\/em>, Jean-Philippe Toussaint: http:\/\/www.bon-a-tirer.com\/volume1\/jpt.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Website c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Minuit:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.leseditionsdeminuit.fr\/unepage-historique-historique-1-1-0-1.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) J.-Ph., “Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi Mich\u00e8le Ammouche-Kremers”<\/em>, trong cu\u1ed1n Jeunes auteurs de Minuit<\/em>, Mich\u00e8le Ammouche-Kremers et Henk Hillenaar Eds., Amsterdam, Atlanta, Rodopi, CRIN 27, 1994.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Jean-Philippe Toussaint:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rencontre avec Jean-Philippe Toussaint<\/a><\/blockquote>